Base oils are used to manufacture products including lubricating greases, motor oil and metal processing fluids. Other major uses are in process oils and general industrial lubricants. They have good solvency properties as well, making them useful for certain specialized applications.
Applications: Lubricants , Motor Oil, Greases.
Diesel oil, combustible liquid used as fuel fordiesel engines, ordinarily obtained from fractions of crude oil that are less volatile than the fractions used in gasoline. Several grades of diesel fuel are manufactured—for example, “light-middle” and “middle” distillates for high-speed engines with frequent and wide variations in load and speed (such as trucks and automobiles) and “heavy” distillates for low- and medium-speed engines with sustained loads and speeds (such as trains, ships, and stationary engines).
Applications: Fuel.
Fuel oil is known as heavy oil, marine fuel, bunker, furnace oil, or gasoil is a fraction obtained from the distillation of petroleum (crude oil). It includes distillates (the lighter fractions) and residues (the heavier fractions) It is burned in a furnace or boiler to generate heat, or used in an engine to generate power. However, it does not usually include other liquid oils, such as those with a flash point of approximately 42 °C or oils burned in cotton- or wool-wick burners. In a stricter sense, fuel oil refers only to the heaviest commercial fuels that crude oil can yield, that is, those fuels heavier than gasoline (petrol) and naphtha.
Condensate is a mixture of light liquid hydrocarbons, similar to a very light (high API) crude oil. It is typically separated out of a natural gas stream at the point of production (field separation) when the temperature and pressure of the gas is dropped to atmospheric conditions. suppress corona discharge and arcing, and to serve as a coolant.
Transformer oil is most often based on mineral oil. It is oil stable at high temperatures and has excellent electrical insulating properties. It is used in oil-filled transformers (wet transformers), some types of high-votage capacitors , fluorescent lamp ballasts, and some types of high-voltage switches and circuit breakers. Its functions are to insulate, suppress corona discharge and arcing, and to serve as a coolant.
Bitumen is viscous, nonvolatile liquid or solid. Bitumen is a complex colloid system the chemical properties of which are dependent on the properties of crude oil from which it is produced. Pure bitumen is a colloid dispersion of microscopic asphalt particles (dispersion phase). The chemical composition of bitumen is a mixture of various hydrocarbons with molecules of oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen. Bitumen is partially or completely soluble in various
organic solvents. Dissolved fractions of bitumen insolvent are called maltenes or petrolenes, and undissolved fractions are called asphaltenes. The maltenes are a mixture of resins and oil, and they are a dispersing agent. For the most part, the physical properties of bitumen depend on the dispersion degree of asphaltenes in maltenes.
Light naphtha is used as a fuel in some commercial applications. Naphtha is used to dilute heavy crude oil to reduce its viscosity and enable/facilitate transport; undiluted heavy crude cannot normally be transported by pipeline, and may also be difficult to pump onto oil tankers. Other common dilutants include natural-gas condensate and light crude. However, naphtha is a particularly efficient dilutant and can be recycled from diluted heavy crude after transport and processing
Mixed Hydro carbon oil is a petroleum basedproduct, having density 0.79-0.82. It is low density, low viscosity product which is used as raw material. It is a mixer of various Oils which contains lighter fraction and heavier oil. Mixed Hydrocarbon Oil uses for distillation, and we can get various products from it. Like Aluminum Rolling Oil, Printing Ink Oil, Glass Mould Oil and Base Oils and bottom (Residue) of Mix Hydrocarbon Oil is very useful as Fuel Oil.
Sulfur is one of the most important agricultural and industrial raw materials and is considered a strategic product sulfur is an odourless, tasteless and polyvalent nonmetal which is mostly in the form of yellow crystals and is obtained from sulphide and sulphate. Sulphur is the primary source in the production of sulphuric acid, the world’s most widely used chemical. Sulphuric acid is an essential intermediate in many processes in the chemical and manufacturing industries. Sulphuric acid also is used by the fertilizer industry to manufacture primarily phosphates, nitrogen, potassium, and sulphate fertilizers